The IRS has issued proposed rules that would change the way employer-sponsored coverage would be treated when determining if a family is eligible for premium tax credits (PTC) when purchasing individual health insurance through a public Marketplace.
The proposed rules would fix the so-called “family glitch” that currently requires employer plan affordability to be based on the employee-only cost for coverage, while not taking into consideration the cost for the employee’s family to participate.
The change would allow more spouses and dependents to qualify for premium tax credits toward the cost of individual health coverage purchased through a public Exchange.
Background
An individual is eligible for a premium tax credit (or tax subsidy) to help pay the monthly premiums for individual coverage purchased on a public Exchange if all of the following are true:
- Individual is not eligible for Medicaid, CHIP or Medicare;
- Individual is not enrolled in other minimum essential coverage; and
- Individual is not eligible for employer-sponsored group health plan coverage that provides minimum value and is affordable.
Individuals who are offered (or eligible for) minimum value, affordable coverage under an employer-sponsored group health plan are not eligible for a tax subsidy when purchasing individual health insurance through a public Exchange.
In general, a plan provides “minimum value” if the actuarial value of the benefits provided is at least 60%. Coverage is “affordable” if the employee contribution for employee-only (single) coverage does not exceed a set percentage (9.61% in 2022) of the employee’s household income.
If the employee-only coverage is affordable, the coverage is considered affordable for spouses and dependents as well, regardless of the required employee contribution amount for family coverage. This means the spouse and dependents are generally not eligible for premium tax credits on the public Exchange even though the required contributions for spouse and dependents might be significantly higher than for the employee.
In January 2021, President Biden issued an Executive Order directing the Secretary of the Treasury to review all existing regulations to determine whether any are inconsistent with the policy to protect and strengthen the ACA. The Secretary of the Treasury was also directed to examine policies or practices that may reduce the affordability of coverage or financial assistance for coverage, including for dependents.
While performing this review, it was tentatively determined that the rules around affordability for family coverage under an employer-sponsored group health plan are inconsistent with the overall purpose of the ACA to expand access to affordable health care coverage.
Therefore, the IRS has proposed making changes to what coverage is considered to provide minimum value and what coverage is affordable for purposes of determining eligibility for premium tax credits for coverage purchased through a public Exchange.
The proposed rules do not affect whether the coverage is affordable for purposes of determining whether an employer is subject to ACA penalties.
Affordability – Proposed Changes
The proposed rules would allow for the affordability of coverage provided under an employer-sponsored plan to be determined for the employees’ spouses and dependents (“related individuals”) by the employees’ required contribution for family coverage.
The coverage for related individuals would be affordable only if the employees’ cost for enrolling the employee and family members does not exceed 9.61% (in 2022) of an employee’s household income. If the cost does exceed this amount, the “related individuals” would be eligible for a premium tax credit when purchasing coverage through a public Exchange.
An individual with offers of coverage from multiple employers, either as an employee or a related individual, has an offer of affordable coverage if at least one of the offers is affordable. The proposed regulations include several examples to illustrate how the change would impact affordability.
NOTE: It is possible that a spouse or dependent of an employee may have an offer of employer coverage that is unaffordable even though the employee has an affordable offer of self-only coverage.
Minimum Value – Proposed Changes
In addition to providing 60% or better actuarial value, previous guidance indicated that plan benefits must also include substantial coverage of inpatient hospital services and physician services. This was previously set forth in proposed rules by the IRS, but not finalized. The IRS is proposing the same requirements here and hoping to formalize them once these rules are finalized.
Summary
The proposed changes would significantly increase the number people eligible for subsidized individual coverage. It will principally impact spouses and dependents of employees who are eligible for affordable employer sponsored single coverage, but where the family contribution is deemed unaffordable under the new rules.
The changes are not effective until finalized and published in the federal register. Until that time, affordability will continue to be determined based on the employee’s cost of self-only coverage, but it appears the rules would go into effect in time for the 2023 tax year.
Written by: Michelle Cammayo
IMA will continue to monitor regulator guidance and offer meaningful, practical, timely information.
This material should not be considered as a substitute for legal, tax and/or actuarial advice. Contact the appropriate professional counsel for such matters. These materials are not exhaustive and are subject to possible changes in applicable laws, rules, and regulations and their interpretations.